Indigestion, also known as dyspepsia, is a common digestive complaint that affects millions of people. It causes discomfort in the upper abdomen, often after meals. While indigestion is not usually serious, it can affect daily life and signal underlying digestive issues.

This article explains what indigestion is, what causes it, and how you can prevent it, using clear and simple language suitable for all readers.

What Is Indigestion?

Indigestion refers to a group of symptoms that occur in the upper abdomen. You may feel full, uncomfortable, or experience burning sensations after eating. It is usually related to eating patterns, lifestyle habits, or digestive system problems.

Common symptoms include:

• Upper abdominal discomfort

• Fullness even after small meals

• Bloating

• Belching

• Nausea

• Burning sensation in the stomach

Common Causes of Indigestion

1. Overeating

Eating large meals stretches the stomach and slows digestion, causing heaviness and discomfort.

2. Eating Too Quickly

Swallowing food without chewing properly makes digestion harder and increases air intake, leading to bloating and indigestion.

3. Fatty, Greasy, or Spicy Foods

These foods take longer to digest, irritate the stomach lining, and can trigger indigestion.

4. Drinking Carbonated Beverages

Soda and fizzy drinks introduce excess gas, resulting in bloating and pressure in the stomach.

5. Excess Caffeine or Alcohol

Both can irritate the stomach lining and weaken digestion, contributing to indigestion.

6. Eating Right Before Bed

Lying down slows digestion, allowing foods and acids to move upward, causing discomfort.

7. Stress and Anxiety

Stress affects stomach acid production and slows digestion, often leading to indigestion.

8. Low Stomach Acid

Many people believe indigestion always comes from too much stomach acid, but low acid can also cause poor digestion and discomfort.

9. Medications

Some medicines affect digestion or irritate the stomach, such as:

• Painkillers (NSAIDs)

• Antibiotics

• Certain supplements

10. Underlying Medical Conditions

Chronic indigestion may be linked to:

• Acid reflux

• Peptic ulcers

• Gallbladder problems

• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

• Food intolerances

If symptoms are persistent, medical evaluation is recommended.

How to Manage Indigestion

1. Improve Eating Habits

• Eat slowly and chew well

• Choose smaller, more frequent meals

• Avoid large, heavy dinners

2. Avoid Trigger Foods and Drinks

Reduce intake of:

• Spicy or fried foods

• Carbonated beverages

• Excessive tea, coffee, or alcohol

3. Stay Active

A short walk after meals helps digestion and prevents gas buildup.

4. Manage Stress

Breathing exercises, relaxation techniques, and good sleep can reduce stress-induced indigestion.

5. Stay Hydrated

Water supports smooth digestion but avoid drinking too much water during meals.

6. Use Over-the-Counter Remedies (when needed)

Antacids or digestive enzymes may help, but long-term use should be supervised by a doctor.

When to See a Doctor

Seek medical help if indigestion:

• Happens frequently

• Causes severe or lasting pain

• Comes with vomiting or weight loss

• Includes difficulty swallowing

• Interferes with daily life

Persistent indigestion may indicate a deeper digestive issue needing evaluation.

Conclusion

Indigestion is usually caused by eating habits, specific foods, or lifestyle choices. Understanding your triggers and making small changes can significantly reduce discomfort. If symptoms continue, a medical checkup ensures early detection and proper treatment.