Frozen shoulder, medically known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition that causes pain, stiffness, and reduced movement in the shoulder joint. It develops when the capsule surrounding the shoulder joint becomes inflamed and thickened, restricting motion.

The condition typically progresses slowly and may last months to years if untreated. Physiotherapy is one of the most effective treatments, helping restore movement, reduce pain, and speed recovery.

 

Understanding Frozen Shoulder

The shoulder is a ball-and-socket joint that allows a wide range of motion. In frozen shoulder, the joint capsule tightens and forms adhesions, making movement painful and difficult.

Common symptoms include:

• Gradual onset shoulder pain
• Difficulty raising the arm
• Stiffness during dressing or grooming
• Pain worsening at night
• Limited range of motion

Frozen shoulder often affects people aged 40–60 and is more common in individuals with diabetes or after prolonged immobilization.

 

Stages of Frozen Shoulder

Freezing Stage

Pain increases and shoulder movement gradually becomes restricted.

Frozen Stage

Pain may reduce slightly, but stiffness becomes severe and daily activities become difficult.

Thawing Stage

Movement slowly improves, and the shoulder begins to regain function.

Physiotherapy is helpful in all three stages.

 

How Physiotherapists Treat Frozen Shoulder

Pain Management

Therapists use gentle techniques such as heat therapy and soft tissue mobilization to reduce pain and muscle tension. Pain control allows patients to participate more comfortably in exercises.

 

Range-of-Motion Exercises

Stretching exercises are the main treatment. They gradually loosen the tight capsule and improve flexibility. Movements may include assisted arm elevation, external rotation, and pendulum exercises.

 

Joint Mobilization

Physiotherapists apply controlled manual movements to the shoulder joint. These techniques help stretch the joint capsule and restore normal joint mechanics.

 

Strengthening Exercises

Once movement improves, strengthening exercises are introduced. Strengthening surrounding muscles stabilizes the joint and prevents recurrence.

 

Posture Correction

Poor posture can worsen shoulder stiffness. Therapists teach correct sitting and standing positions to reduce strain on the shoulder.

 

Functional Training

Patients practice everyday movements such as reaching overhead, combing hair, and dressing. This helps restore independence in daily activities.

 

Home Exercise Program

Recovery depends heavily on consistency. Physiotherapists provide home exercises that patients perform daily to maintain progress between sessions. Regular stretching is essential for regaining motion.

 

Benefits of Physiotherapy for Frozen Shoulder

• Reduces shoulder pain
• Restores joint mobility
• Prevents long-term stiffness
• Improves muscle strength
• Enhances daily function
• Speeds recovery

Early treatment usually leads to faster and better outcomes.

 

When to Seek Help

Medical evaluation is recommended if shoulder stiffness persists for several weeks, worsens gradually, or interferes with sleep and daily tasks. Early therapy prevents prolonged disability.

 

Final Thoughts

Frozen shoulder can significantly limit movement and quality of life, but physiotherapy plays a central role in recovery. Through guided exercises, manual therapy, and structured rehabilitation, patients can regain shoulder mobility and return to normal activities.

With patience and consistent therapy, most individuals recover successfully without surgery.

 

Disclaimer:
This article is for informational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Individuals experiencing persistent shoulder pain or stiffness should consult a qualified healthcare professional.